Conditional Statements

Conditional statements are used to execute different blocks of code based on whether a specified condition evaluates to true or false. In most programming languages, you’ll find the `if`, `else if` (optional), and `else` statements.

#### Example in Python:
“`python
# Example 1: Basic if statement
x = 10
if x > 5:
print(“x is greater than 5”)

# Example 2: if-else statement
y = 3
if y > 5:
print(“y is greater than 5”)
else:
print(“y is not greater than 5”)

# Example 3: if-elif-else statement
z = 7
if z > 10:
print(“z is greater than 10”)
elif z > 5:
print(“z is greater than 5 but not 10”)
else:
print(“z is 5 or less”)
“`

### Loops:

Loops are used to repeatedly execute a block of code. There are two main types of loops: `for` loops and `while` loops.

#### Example in Python:
“`python
# Example 1: for loop
for i in range(5):
print(i)

# Example 2: while loop
count = 0
while count < 5:
print(count)
count += 1
“`

These are basic examples, and the syntax might vary slightly depending on the programming language you’re using. Understanding these concepts is crucial for writing efficient and flexible code. Feel free to ask if you have any specific questions or if you’d like more detailed examples!

### More on Loops:

#### `for` Loop:
The `for` loop is often used when you know the number of iterations you want to perform. It iterates over a sequence (such as a range of numbers).

“`python
# Example: Iterate over a list
fruits = [“apple”, “banana”, “cherry”] for fruit in fruits:
print(fruit)

# Example: Using range to iterate over numbers
for i in range(2, 6):
print(i)
“`

#### `while` Loop:
The `while` loop is used when you want to iterate as long as a condition is true. Be cautious to ensure that the condition will eventually become false; otherwise, you might end up with an infinite loop.

“`python
# Example: Using a while loop to calculate factorial
n = 5
factorial = 1
while n > 0:
factorial *= n
n -= 1
print(“Factorial:”, factorial)
“`

### Loop Control Statements:

#### `break` Statement:
The `break` statement is used to exit a loop prematurely if a certain condition is met.

“`python
# Example: Using break to exit a loop
for i in range(10):
if i == 5:
break
print(i)
“`

#### `continue` Statement:
The `continue` statement is used to skip the rest of the code inside a loop for the current iteration and move to the next iteration.

“`python
# Example: Using continue to skip even numbers
for i in range(10):
if i % 2 == 0:
continue
print(i)
“`

These control statements add flexibility to loop structures, allowing you to tailor the flow of your code based on specific conditions.

Understanding how to use conditional statements and loops effectively is essential for writing robust and efficient programs. If you have more specific questions or if you’d like additional examples, feel free to ask!